The "New Era" is a phrase from the novel; the "New State" is of course the Occidental Republic created at the end of the plot. In combination and in generic terms, however, they accentuate how the novel is an illustration of the real modern world, with its triumph of material interests and its disaffected labor class.

For a (cloaked) view of Antonia actually creating the Occidental Republic -- and the modern world -- see the scene at the end of Chapter 3-3.