Nostromo has rejected exploitative allegiance to the rulers. Nevertheless, he
needs to make his fortune in the world somehow, and the only alternative he has
is "to part in anger," i.e., declare openly his revolt against society.
Such a move would not be "prudent" (especially if we read "his
companion" to be the Devil). The allegory of the People progressing toward
socialism continues: they realize that they cannot make an open breach, but as
yet they do not know how they can rejoin society on any basis other than their
hateful former fidelity.